Monday, November 30, 2020

French lesson 7 notes

 

    7. J’aime lire

Grammaire – Passé composé with être

A.    Passé composé with ‘être’

Subject + conjugation of être + past participle

·        The verbs which get conjugated with être are following

DR MRS VANDERTRAMPP

           

 

verb

meaning

Past participle

D

descendre

To climb down

descendu

R

rentrer

To go back home

rentré

M

monter

To climb up

monté

R

retourner

To return

retourné

S

sortir

To go out

sorti

V

venir

To come

venu

A

arriver

To arrive

arrivé

N

naître

To be born

D

devenir

To become

devenu

E

entrer

To enter

entré

R

revenir

To come back

revenu

T

tomber

To fall down

tombé

R

rester

To stay

resté

A

aller

To go

allé

M

mourir

To die

mort

P

passer

To pass

passé

P

partir

To leave

parti

 

Apart from these 17 verbs all the pronominal verbs are conjugated with être.

When a verb is conjugated with être, past participle gets extra e/s/es as per the subject.

B.    Past Participles

1)    ER verbs – to form the p.p. remove R from the verb and write é at the end.

e.g. chanter –chanté

regarder – regardé

2)    IR verbs – just remove R from the end and the remaining verb is p.p.

e.g. finir – fini

remplir –rempli

3)    Other past participlesare mostly irregular.

verb

Past participle

verb

Past participle

1.avoir

eu

23. conduire

conduit

2. boire

bu

24. dire

dit

3. connaître

connu

25. écrire

écrit

4. courir

couru

26.faire

fait

5. croire

cru

27. ouvrir

ouvert

6. devoir

28. être

été

7. falloir

fallu

29. envoyer

envoyé

8. lire

lu

30. neiger

neigé

9. paraître

paru

31. mettre

mis

10. plaire

plu

32. prendre

pris

11. pleuvoir

plu

 

 

12.pouvoir

pu

 

 

13. savoir

Su

 

 

14. tenir

tenu

 

 

15. vivre

vécu

 

 

16.recevoir

reçu

 

 

17. voir

vu

 

 

18. vouloir

voulu

 

 

19. rire

ri

 

 

20. suivre

suivi

 

 

21. dormir

dormi

 

 

22.sourire

souri

 

 

 

C.    Transitive and intransitive verbs

Refer the table of DR MRS VANDERTRAMPP. Some verbs are highlighted. They are both transitive and intransitive.

a)     Transitive verb – when a verb has a direct object i. e. it is followed by an object, it is transitive.

e.g.  1) Je descends ma valise. (I take down my suitcase.)

          2) Il sort son chien. (he takes out his dog)

In this case it is conjugated with avoir and not être. So passé composé is            J’ai descendu ma valise.

               Il a sorti son chien.

b)    Intransitive verb – when a verb does not have a direct object i.e. it is followed by a preposition, it is intransitive.

e.g.         1) Je sors chaque samedi. (I go out every Saturday.)

                2) Il descend par l’asensceur. (He goes down by lift.)

In this case passé composé is done with être.

             Je suis sorti chaque samedi.

             Il est descendu par l’asensceur.

Remember when you are conjugating a transitive verb from the list of 17 verbs its past participle doesn’t get extra e/s/es as per the subject but remains same all the time.

 

 

 

 

 

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