Monday, January 31, 2022

THE CONVICT

 THE CONVICT

1. Answer each of the following questions in 30-40 words. 

a. Pip’s father's family name was Pirrip and his Christian name was Philip. His infant tongue could not properly understand or pronounce the name. He could say nothing longer than ‘Pip’. So, the narrator called himself Pip and came to be called Pip. 

b. The man was fearful, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. A man with no hat, and with broken shoes, and with an old rag tied around his head. He was soaked in water and smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints, and stung by nettles and torn by briars. He limped, shivered, and glared and growled and his teeth chattered in his head. 

c. The man had an iron leg. The leg may have been giving him trouble and he had no means to rectify it. So, when he heard that Pip’s brother-in-law was a blacksmith, he found a solution to what was troubling him. 

d. As Pip saw the man picking his way among the nettles and among the brambles that bound the green mounds, he looked in Pip‘s eyes as if he were eluding the hands of the dead people, stretching up cautiously out of their graves. 

2. Answer each of the following questions in 80-100 words

a. Pip did not see his father or his mother and never saw any likeness of either of them (for their days were long before the days of photographs). His first fancies regarding what they were like were unreasonably derived from their tombstones. The shape of the letters on his father gave him an odd idea that he was a square, stout, dark man, with curly black hair. From the character, he drew a childish conclusion that his mother was freckled and sickly. 

b. The man wanted Pip to get him food along with a file and wittle. In order to ensure that the boy got him what he wanted, he tried to scare him by saying that there was a young man hidden with him, in comparison to whom the man was an Angel. He further warned him that it would be in vain for a boy to attempt to hide from that young man. A boy may lock his door, maybe warm in bed, may tuck himself up, may draw the clothes over his head, may think himself comfortable and safe, but that young man will softly creep his way to him. 

Sunday, January 16, 2022

FRENCH LESSON 9 &10 NOTES

 

9. Mon Journal Intime

Grammaire – Passé composé using ‘être’

A.    Passé composé with ‘être’

Subject + conjugation of être + past participle

·        The verbs which get conjugated with être are following

DR MRS VANDERTRAMPP

           

 

verb

meaning

Past participle

D

descendre

To climb down

descendu

R

rentrer

To go back home

rentré

M

monter

To climb up

monté

R

retourner

To return

retourné

S

sortir

To go out

sorti

V

venir

To come

venu

A

arriver

To arrive

arrivé

N

naître

To be born

D

devenir

To become

devenu

E

entrer

To enter

entré

R

revenir

To come back

revenu

T

tomber

To fall down

tombé

R

rester

To stay

resté

A

aller

To go

allé

M

mourir

To die

mort

P

passer

To pass

passé

P

partir

To leave

parti

 

Apart from these 17 verbs all the pronominal verbs are conjugated with être.

When a verb is conjugated with être, past participle gets extra e/s/es as per the subject.

B.    Past Participles

1)    ER verbs – to form the p.p. remove R from the verb and write é at the end.

e.g. chanter –chanté

regarder – regardé

2)    IR verbs – just remove R from the end and the remaining verb is p.p.

e.g. finir – fini

remplir –rempli

3)    Other past participlesare mostly irregular.

verb

Past participle

verb

Past participle

1.avoir

eu

23. conduire

conduit

2. boire

bu

24. dire

dit

3. connaître

connu

25. écrire

écrit

4. courir

couru

26.faire

fait

5. croire

cru

27. ouvrir

ouvert

6. devoir

28. être

été

7. falloir

fallu

29. envoyer

envoyé

8. lire

lu

30. neiger

neigé

9. paraître

paru

31. mettre

mis

10. plaire

plu

32. prendre

pris

11. pleuvoir

plu

 

 

12.pouvoir

pu

 

 

13. savoir

Su

 

 

14. tenir

tenu

 

 

15. vivre

vécu

 

 

16.recevoir

reçu

 

 

17. voir

vu

 

 

18. vouloir

voulu

 

 

19. rire

ri

 

 

20. suivre

suivi

 

 

21. dormir

dormi

 

 

22.sourire

souri

 

 

 

C.    Transitive and intransitive verbs

Refer the table of DR MRS VANDERTRAMPP. Some verbs are highlighted. They are both transitive and intransitive.

a)     Transitive verb – when a verb has a direct object i. e. it is followed by an object, it is transitive.

e.g.  1) Je descends ma valise. (I take down my suitcase.)

          2) Il sort son chien. (he takes out his dog)

In this case it is conjugated with avoir and not être. So passé composé is            J’ai descendu ma valise.

               Il a sorti son chien.

b)    Intransitive verb – when a verb does not have a direct object i.e. it is followed by a preposition, it is intransitive.

e.g.         1) Je sors chaque samedi. (I go out every Saturday.)

                2) Il descend par l’asensceur. (He goes down by lift.)

In this case passé composé is done with être.

             Je suis sorti chaque samedi.

             Il est descendu par l’asensceur.

Remember when you are conjugating a transitive verb from the list of 17 verbs its past participle doesn’t get extra e/s/es as per the subject but remains same all the time.

 

Coin culturel –

Les personnes connues en France

 

 

Marie curie

La première femme qui a reçue le prix Nobel deux fois- de Physique en 1903, de chimie en 1911.

Napoléon Bonaparte

Né à Ajaccio en Corse, le général et Empereur des Français

Jeanne d’Arc

Elle s’est battue contre les Anglais et a sacrifié sa vie pour la France, une héroïne de France, brûlée vive

Louis Pasteur

A inventé la Pasteurisation

Gustave Eiffel

Construit la tour Eiffel pour l’exposition universelle de 1889, aussi participé à la construction de la statue de la Liberté à New-York

Catherine Denevue

Une actrice française, le visage de Marianne dans les années 80

 

 

Lesson 10 coin culturel

La Palme d’or

La recompense supreme décernée par le jury official du festival de cannes

Le prix Goncourt

Un prix littéraire français, décerné chaque année au début de novembre par l’Académie Goncourt après trois présélections successives