class 8 lesson 2 French

   

                                             2. La rentrée

                                              Grammaire

1.     LES ARTICLES

a.     Les articles indéfinis

There are three of them. You can translate them as a/an. There is no indefinite article for plural nous in English.

Un – masc.sing.noun     e.g. un chien – a dog, un stylo – a pen

Une – fem.sing.noun      e.g. une fille – a girl, une maison – a house

Des – masc/fem plurals  e.g. des stylos – pens, des maisons – houses

b.     Les articles définis

There are four of them. All can be translated as ‘the’ in English.

Le – masc.sing.noun  e.g. le chien – the dog

La – fem. Sing.noun   e.g. la maison – the house

L’ – masc/fem sing noun starting with ‘a/e/i/o/u/h

Les – masc/fem plurals   e.g. les stylos – the pens, les maisons – the houses

c.      Les articles contractés

The ones which mean ‘ to the/at the/in the’

i)                   Au – masc.sing. noun      e.g. au cinéma – to the cinema hall

ii)                 A la – fem sing noun        e.g. à la plage – to the beach

iii)               A l’ – masc/fem sing noun starting with a/e/i/o/u/h e.g. à l’école – to the school

iv)               Aux – masc/fem plural nouns   e.g. aux villes – to the cities

The ones which mean ‘of the/from the/about the’

i)                   Du – masc.sing.noun  e.g. du village – from the village

ii)                 De la – fem. Sing.noun  e.g. de la piscine – of the swimming pool

iii)               De l’ – masc/fem sing. Noun starting with a/e/i/o/u/h  e.g. de l’école – from the school

iv)               Des – plural nouns   e.g. des parents – about the parents

d.     Les articles partitifs

There are four of them.  They can be translated as ‘some’. They are used when fixed quantity of the noun is not given. Mostly used for food items. Usually verbs like ‘manger, boire, prendre, acheter’ are used in the sentence.

i)                   Du – masc.sing.noun     e.g.du lait – some milk, du thé - some tea

ii)                 De la – fem.sing.noun e.g de la glace – some ice cream

iii)               De l’ – masc/fem sing. Noun starting with a/e/i/o/h  e.g. de l’eau – some water

iv)               Des – masc/fem plural    e.g. des fruits – some fruits

·       Please don’t get confused with les articles partitifs and les articles contractés as they look same. Look at the notes carefully, it is clear that their roles are different.

                                   

2.    Les adjectifs possessifs

                                 

	Masc. Sing.noun	Fem.sing. noun	Masc/fem plural
my	Mon e.g. mon cahier – my notebook	Ma e.g. ma maison – my house	Mes Mes cahiers –my notebooks Mes maisons – my houses
Your (for tu/informal)	Ton e.g. ton stylo – your pen	Ta e.g. ta gomme – your eraser	Tes e.g. tes stylos – your pens tes gommes – your erasers
His/her	Son e.g. son pays – his/her country	Sa e.g. sa sœur – his/her sister	Ses e.g. ses pays – his/her countries ses sœurs – his/her sisters
our	Notre e.g. notre père – our father	Notre e.g. notre voiture – our car	Nos e.g. nos parents – our parents nos voitures – our cars
Your (for vous/formal)	Votre e.g. votre crayon – your pencil	Votre e.g. votre école – your school	Vos e.g. vos crayons – your pencils vos écoles – your schools
Their	Leur e.g. leur livre – their book	Leur e.g. leur chaise – their chair	Leurs e.g. leurs livres – their books leurs chaises – their chairs

3.    ER, IR, RE verbs conjugations

 

	ER VERBS	IR VERBS	RE VERBS
Je	regarde	finis	descends
Tu	regardes	finis	descends
Il/Elle/On	regarde	finit	descend
Nous	regardons	finissons	descendons
Vous	regardez	finissez	descendez
Ils/Elles	regardent	finissent	descendent

4.    Les adjectifs interrogatifs

Quel	Masc.sing noun	Quel pays visites-tu ? Which country do you visit?
Quelle	Fem.sing.noun	Quelle couleur aimes-tu? Which colour do you like?
Quels	Masc plural	Quels stylos achètent-ils? Which pens do they buy?
Quelles	Fem.plural	Quelles filles sont intelligentes? Which girls are intelligent?